Chicago citation manual online

Aside from the use of numbered notes versus parenthetical references in the text, the two systems share a similar style. Follow the links at the top of this page to see examples of some of the more common source types cited in both systems. Most authors choose the system used by others in their field or required by their publisher.

Please note that all of this applies only to public content on social media. Private content, such as a direct message or a post in a restricted-membership group should be cited as a personal communication. Social media posts do not typically have titles, so if a title is not provided, simply use the text of the post, retaining all original capitalization, spelling, etc. Do not include more than characters in this section of the citation; if the post is longer than that, cut it off with an ellipsis at a sensible point before the character mark is reached.

Citation of a social media post should fit the following format:. Also, if you have quoted the full post in your main text, you can leave that out of your note citation. Citations for internet forums or mailing lists are very similar to social media citations, with a few differences. Rather than the text of the post, use the thread title or subject heading as your citation title; also, the name of the list or forum should be added in addition to the host site or service.

At times, it may be necessary to cite a comment someone has made on a blog entry, online article, social media post, etc. Generally, the comment will only be cited as a note, not in the bibliography, unless there is some significant reason you feel it should be considered a source on its own, separate from the work to which it was responding.

Online multimedia should be cited using the general format below. Note that whether the title of the work should be set in italics or in roman with quotation marks will vary from one medium to another, as noted near the beginning of this page.

For additional guidelines on the citation of videos, songs, and multimedia in general, see Audiovisual Recordings and Other Multimedia. When citing a podcast, set the podcast title in italics, and the episode title and number, if it is included in the title of the episode in roman with quotation marks.

The date of publication should be included after the episode title rather than before the medium, as shown below. If you are citing a video from an online service, such as YouTube, you can follow the general multimedia guidelines, but you must include the URL. Lastname, Firstname. Publishing organization, publication or revision date if available. Access date if no other date is available. Davidson, Donald. Essays on Actions and Events. Still have questions?

Please click the checkbox on the left to verify that you are a not a bot. What is your plagiarism score? Scribbr Plagiarism Checker. Author first name last name , Title of Book Place of publication : publisher , year , page number s. Author last name, first name. Title of Book. Place of publication : publisher , year. Einstein, Albert. The Meaning of Relativity.

Princeton: Princeton University Press, Author last name year , page number s. Place of publication : publisher. Princeton: Princeton University Press. For examples of how these citation styles work in research papers, consult our sample papers:. In addition to consulting The Chicago Manual of Style 17th edition for more information, students may also find it useful to consult Kate L. This manual, which presents what is commonly known as the "Turabian" citation style, follows the two CMOS patterns of documentation but offers slight modifications suited to student texts.

The Chicago Notes and Bibliography NB system is often used in the humanities to provide writers with a system for referencing their sources through the use of footnotes, endnotes, and through the use of a bibliography. This offers writers a flexible option for citation and provides an outlet for commenting on those sources, if needed.

In addition, it can protect writers from accusations of plagiarism, which is the intentional or accidental uncredited use of source material created by others. In the Notes and Bibliography system, you should include a note endnote or footnote each time you use a source, whether through a direct quote, paraphrase, or summary. Footnotes are added at the end of the page on which the source is referenced, while endnotes are compiled at the end of each chapter or at the end of the entire document.